小卫星侦察星座性能评估研究

针对小卫星侦察星座性能评估问题，从覆盖、成本和弹性三方面对小卫星侦察星座的性能指标进行研究，分别构建了考虑存储容量约束的覆盖能力评估模型、成本估计模型以及弹性能力评估模型。在覆盖能力评估模型中，将卫星存储容量作为约束条件，结合卫星覆盖几何模型分析了卫星对地侦察的工作条件，提出考虑存储容量的覆盖指标计算方法；通过小卫星成本模型(small satellite cost model,SSCM)对星座各分系统的成本进行估计；在弹性评估模型中，提出了星座性能损失率指标，并根据星座失效状态概率函数确定了不同失效状态下星座性能损失率的权重。将上述模型应用于SkySat和吉林一号星座的性能评估过程中，结果表明SkySat比吉林一号覆盖能力强、成本低，弹性差。提出的三个模型可用于评价星座优劣，为小卫星侦察星座的建设和性能评估工作提供参考。     

eLoran系统ASF网格应用算法研究

ASF网格是提高增强型罗兰（Enhanced Long Range Navigation，eLoran）系统精度的重要方法。根据所在网格四个顶点的附加二次时延（Added Secondary Factor，ASF）值通过网格应用算法得到待测试点的ASF值，一定程度上比公式计算的ASF值更准确。在计算过程中，用户四个顶点ASF值的测量误差会传递给用户，同时内插算法本身也会引入误差，此时内插算法的选择尤为重要。本文通过仿真、分析比较几种常用的内插算法，得出结论：反距离插值算法引入的误差最大，双线应插值算法引入的误差最小，而且误差呈现一定层次感，网格从内到外误差逐渐减小。     

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

基于WENO-分段线性格式的旋翼流场数值模拟

为了降低二阶JST(Jameson-schmidt-turkel)格式导致的数值耗散,发展了一套适合于格心格式的基于加权本质无振荡(Weighted essentially non-oscillatory,WENO)-分段线性格式的旋翼流场数值模拟方法。采用运动嵌套网格方法生成围绕旋翼的网格系统,主控方程选择Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程。为了更加有效地对桨尖涡等流动细节进行捕捉,在笛卡尔背景网格上采用七阶Roe-WENO格式计算对流通量;在桨叶贴体非结构网格上采用二阶精度的Roe-分段线性格式计算对流通量。时间离散采用了高效的双时间隐式LU-SGS(Lower upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel)方法进行时间推进。最后,应用上述方法对悬停状态的C-T(Caradonna-tung)旋翼和Helishape 7A旋翼进行了数值模拟,将数值计算结果与实验数据进行了对比,计算值与实验值吻合较好;并将桨尖涡模拟效果与二阶JST格式的模拟效果进行了对比。对比结果表明:本文方法能有效对旋翼流场进行计算,且在相同计算条件下,WENO-分段线性格式能够更有效地捕捉旋翼涡流场的流动特性,表明在计算旋翼涡流场时WENO-分段线性格式相比传统二阶JST格式具有更低的数值耗散。     

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析的高效算法

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析对指导可靠性优化至关重要，本文从乘法降维及Edgeworth级数展开的角度提出一种失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标分析的高效算法。所提算法通过Edgeworth级数展开将失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标的求解转化为输出无条件及条件前四阶整数矩的求解。对于输出的无条件及条件四阶矩的计算，基于乘法降维的思想，本文推导了重复利用计算输出的无条件矩的输入输出样本来计算条件矩以及外层关于输入变量一维积分的计算公式，使得仅需重复利用输出无条件前四阶矩求解产生的积分网格内的数据即可同时求得输出的前四阶条件矩以及外层关于输入变量的一维积分。所提算法大大提高了失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度的分析效率。航空发动机涡轮盘以及汽车前轴的分析结果验证了所提算法的高效性及准确性。     

Determination of optimal samples for robot calibration based on error similarity

Industrial robots are used for automatic drilling and riveting.The absolute position accuracy of an industrial robot is one of the key performance indexes in aircraft assembly,and can be improved through error compensation to meet aircraft assembly requirements.The achievable accuracy and the difficulty of accuracy compensation implementation are closely related to the choice of sampling points.Therefore,based on the error similarity error compensation method,a method for choosing sampling points on a uniform grid is proposed.A simulation is conducted to analyze the influence of the sample point locations on error compensation.In addition,the grid steps of the sampling points are optimized using a statistical analysis method.The method is used to generate grids and optimize the grid steps of a Kuka KR-210 robot.The experimental results show that the method for planning sampling data can be used to effectively optimize the sampling grid.After error compensation,the position accuracy of the robot meets the position accuracy requirements.     

Numerical study on flow fields and aerodynamics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode based on embedded grid and actuator model

A method combining rotor actuator disk model and embedded grid technique is presented in this paper, aimed at predicting the flow fields and aerodynamic characteristics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode more efficiently and effectively. In this method, rotor's influence is considered in terms of the momentum it impacts to the fluid around it; transformation matrixes among different coordinate systems are deduced to extend actuator method's utility to conversion mode flow fields' calculation. Meanwhile, an embedded grid system is designed, in which grids generated around fuselage and actuator disk are regarded as background grid and minor grid respectively, and a new method is presented for ‘donor searching' and ‘hole cutting' during grid assembling. Based on the above methods, flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode are simulated, with threedimensional Navier–Stokes equations discretized by a second-order upwind finite-volume scheme and an implicit lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) time-stepping scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CFD method is very effective in simulating the conversion mode flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft.     

NACA4412翼型分离涡计算的混合网格策略研究

以NACA4412翼型为例,针对低速大攻角含有分离涡的复杂流动,提出了一种采用推高局部附面层网格的方法来改善分离涡模拟的新网格生成策略。数值算例表明,这种推高各向异性单元区域总层高的混合网格能够较合理地捕捉到分离流动涡区的位置和大小,数值实验和分析表明,这种网格生成策略是合理有效的。     

基于最近服务的层次式网格信任模型

阐述了网格环境中信任模型的需求,并分析了传统网格信任模型的优缺点,由此提出了基于最近服务的层次式网格信任模型,设计了相应的计算公式.与传统的信任模型相比较,该模型占用网格资源少、信任评估复杂度低、可伸缩性强,能够较好地抑制网格环境下的恶意评价和协同作弊的威胁.采用改进后的网格仿真工具GridSim进行模拟实验,结果表明该信任模型提高了网格系统的可靠程度.     

弦支组合网架结构可靠度分析

根据张弦梁结构的思想提出由组合网架和索通过支杆相连而形成的预应力结构即弦支组合网架结构。建立一弦支组合网架结构的计算模型,利用ANSYS有限元软件分析结构基于位移性能下的正常使用极限可靠度。经软件分析得出在所给几何尺寸、材料特性、预应力、恒荷载以及活荷载等随机变量作用下,结构基于位移正常使用极限状态下的可靠度是良好的;对结构位移影响最大的变量是预应力,影响最小的变量是混凝土板肋的截面尺寸;可靠度为95%的结构最大位移值是60mm。